Most Bitcoin Isn't Exposed to Quantum Risk—Address Reuse Is the Key Factor
AI Market Summary
Glassnode data suggests quantum-exposure risk in Bitcoin is concentrated in UTXOs tied to revealed public keys, largely driven by address reuse, rather than the majority of supply. Roughly 6.04M BTC sits in potentially exposed addresses, with a meaningful share reportedly dormant and effectively immobile. The takeaway is a more nuanced risk profile: operational wallet practices and legacy address formats matter more than aggregate quantum headlines.
Impact level
● Medium
Affected assets
BTC/USDT+1.15%
AI Insight · BTC/USDTAI Insight
● Neutral
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Most bitcoin is not considered vulnerable to quantum attacks, and the dividing line largely comes down to whether addresses are reused. Glassnode estimates 6.04 million BTC—about 30% of circulating supply—sits in addresses where the public key has already been revealed on-chain. Of that total, 1.92 million BTC is held in the oldest address format, while 4.12 million BTC is exposed solely because of address reuse. By contrast, coins in addresses that have only ever received funds remain shielded behind a hash rather than a directly visible public key. Glassnode adds that roughly 2.3 million BTC of the exposed coins are dormant and can never be moved, while the remainder is still spendable.
